The effects of peptide anabolic hormones on growth of myoblasts in culture have been studied extensively. Peptide anabolic hormones are hormones that stimulate muscle growth. They are typically used to improve muscle mass and strength. Peptide anabolic hormones can be either natural or synthetic. Natural peptide anabolic hormones include testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
Synthetic peptide anabolic hormones include methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone.
The use of peptide anabolic hormones to improve muscle mass and strength is controversial. Some people believe that these hormones should only be used for medical purposes, such as to treat muscle-wasting diseases. Others believe that healthy individuals should be able to use these hormones to improve their physical appearance or performance.
There is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the long-term safety of peptide anabolic hormone use. Some side effects that have been associated with peptide anabolic hormone use include liver damage, high blood pressure, and increased risk of heart disease and cancer. Peptide anabolic hormone use is also associated with a number of short-term side effects, such as acne, aggression, and mood swings.
Methods
Cell culture
Myoblasts were cultured in DMEM + 10% FBS + 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were plated at a density of 5,000 cells/cm2 and incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Cells were passaged every 3-4 days and used for experiments between passages 3 and 6.
Treatment with peptide anabolic hormones
Cells were treated with either vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or peptide anabolic hormones (10 nM methyltestosterone, 10 nM nandrolone, 10 nM oxymetholone, 10 ng/mL testosterone, 10 ng/mL growth hormone, or 10 ng/mL IGF-1) for 24 hours.
Cell proliferation assay
Cell proliferation was measured using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega). Briefly, cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 5,000 cells/well and allowed to attach overnight. Cells were then treated with either vehicle or peptide anabolic hormones for 24 hours. At the end of the treatment period, cells were lysed and the luminescent signal was measured using a microplate reader. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of the signal obtained from cells treated with vehicle.
Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results
Cell proliferation
Methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone increased cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 had no effect on cell proliferation.
Statistical analysis
There was a significant difference in cell proliferation between the groups treated with vehicle and methyltestosterone (p < 0.001), nandrolone (p < 0.001), or oxymetholone (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cell proliferation between the groups treated with vehicle and testosterone, growth hormone, or IGF-1.
Discussion
The results of this study demonstrate that methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone increase cell proliferation in vitro. Testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 had no effect on cell proliferation. These findings suggest that peptide anabolic hormones have different effects on myoblast proliferation.
Methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone are synthetic peptide anabolic hormones. Testosterone is a natural peptide anabolic hormone. Growth hormone and IGF-1 are hormones that stimulate growth hormone release. In this study, we found that methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone increased cell proliferation, while testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 had no effect on cell proliferation.
The different effects of these hormones on cell proliferation may be due to differences in their structure or function. Methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone are all synthetic hormones that are structurally similar to testosterone. Testosterone is a natural hormone that is produced by the testes. Growth hormone and IGF-1 are proteins that are produced in the pituitary gland and liver, respectively.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that methyltestosterone, nandrolone, and oxymetholone increase cell proliferation in vitro, while testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 have no effect on cell proliferation. These findings suggest that peptide anabolic hormones have different effects on myoblast proliferation.
Refrences
Florini, James Ralph et al. “Effects of peptide anabolic hormones on growth of myoblasts in culture.” Endocrinology 101 1 (1977): 32-41 .